Book on Tranformation in Prison • Prospectus • Book Summary • Chapter 3   ***         The Breaking Point is the story of the changes in the New York State Prison system from 1962 to 2008. Interwoven with that history is the biography of Stephen Chinlund, who lived through those big developments as an active participant in various capacities.         In 1962, fourteen years before the Attica uprising, there were only 22 prisons in the state system. Then there were 72, now 66.  Discipline was maintained by force, often capricious and brutal. There was only minimal education and vocational training.         After growing up in New York City, going to good schools and being ordained as an Episcopal priest, Chinlund started working inside as a volunteer. He created goups of people inside with the plan that they could help each other more effectively than he could help them by preaching or even counselling them directly himself. The groups developed into small communities inside the prisons. Chinlund also recognized the need to help the men and women after they were released and developed counselling and job training on the outside. Parole, at the time, provided none of that.         With small steps, the prison system was improving, reflecting the growing consciousness of civil rights in the society at large. School opportunities were offered and even college courses began to appear. But the progress was slow and the discipline was still needlessly harsh.         Chinlund became a consultant to the Narcotic Addiction Control Commission, helping new treatment facilities in the city get started, using his experience helping individuals who were locked up. He was then recruited, in 1968, to be the Director of the Manhattan Rehabilitation Center, confining 300 female heroin addicts.         Then the uprising in Attica occurred in 1971. That tragedy led to a few more  improvements: Inmate Grievance Committees, contact visits; conjugal visits; Inmate Liaison Committees and some better schooling. In addition the legislature created the Commission of Correction to be an independent monitor of the prisons.         Chinlund had had success at the Manhattan Rehabilitation Center so he moved on, in 1973, to become Superintendent of the first work release prison in New York State, giving reality to an important policy improvement.         Governor Hugh Carey then asked him to become Chairman of the Commission of Correction where he was able to confirm the improvements that were being made. As important, he was able in 1979 to start the Network program, a more formal and extensive implementation of the old groups inside. Funded with federal money initially, it grew to be a force for good in 26 prisons, at its maximum size.         Declining Carey’s request to serve another term, Chinlund moved on to a parish and then to be the Executive Director of the Episcopal Social Services where he has  continued the Network program and continued to advocate for progress in the correctional world. He continues that work after his retirement in 2005.         The book tells the stories of the prisoners, staff and politicians of those 48 years.